Modal expressions in the Japanese source text | Modal expressions in the Chinese translations |
suru sooda (hearsay) | jushuo, … shuo |
nichigainai (“must [be]”) | zhun (ding), yiding (hui), hui, biding, biran, guran, dangran |
kamoshirenai (“may [be]”) | yexu, huoxu, shuobuding, kongpa, you keneng, … ba |
rashii (“look like, seem, appear”) | (hao) xiang (shi), sihu, fangfu (… side), kanyangzi, dayue, ø |
yoo da (“look like, seem, appear”) | (hao) xiang (shi), sihu, fangfu, ø |
(shi) sooda (“look like, seem, appear”) | haoxiang, sihu, … side, kanyangzi, ø |
(osoraku/ookata/sazo/kitto) …daroo (“probably/must [be]” … conjectural auxiliary) | (kongpa/dayue/dagai/yiding) … ba, shuobuding, yexu, keneng, hui, wo xiang, ø |
ne (sentence final particle)/yo (sentence final particle) | ma, ya, a, la, ba, ne, !, ø/a ma, ba, bei, na, lou, ne, ø |
noda (“may [be]”) wakeda (“may [be]”) | shi (… de), … de, a, ya, na, la, ne, zhen …, !, ø ziran, ø |